Algo%2FTimestamped Map

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  - ## Problem Statement
  
  Design a TypeScript class called `TimestampedMap` that allows storing key-value pairs with associated timestamps. 
  The class should provide three methods:
  
  1. `setValue(key, value, timestamp)`: Sets the value for a given key along with a timestamp.
  2. `getValue(key, timestamp)`: Gets the value for a given key at a specific timestamp.
  3. `getLatest(key)`: Gets the latest value for a given key based on the timestamp.
- ## Code Solution
  
  ```typescript
  class TimestampedMap {
      private data: Map> = new Map();
      private latest: Map = new Map();
  
      setValue(key: K, value: V, timestamp: number): void {
          const existingData = this.data.get(key) || new Map();
          existingData.set(timestamp, value);
          this.data.set(key, existingData);
  
          const currentLatest = this.latest.get(key);
          if (!currentLatest || currentLatest < timestamp) {
              this.latest.set(key, timestamp);
          }
      }
  
      getValue(key: K, timestamp: number): V | null {
          const timeMap = this.data.get(key);
          return timeMap ? timeMap.get(timestamp) || null : null;
      }
  
      getLatest(key: K): V | null {
          const latestTimestamp = this.latest.get(key);
          return latestTimestamp ? this.getValue(key, latestTimestamp) : null;
      }
  }
  ```
- ## Quick Wisdom
  
  The problem essentially asks for a specialized key-value store with a time component, making it a rudimentary time-series database. Two approaches were considered for optimizing the `getLatest` method:
  
  1. A heap-based approach, which makes `getLatest` an \(O(1)\) operation but makes `setValue` an \(O(\log n)\) operation.
  2. A map-based caching approach, which keeps all operations at \(O(1)\) and is simpler to implement and understand.
  
  Given the trade-offs, the map-based caching approach was found to be superior as it provides constant-time operations without adding unnecessary complexity. This is a reminder that sometimes the simplest solutions are the most effective, especially when they meet all the requirements.
  
  You can go ahead and store this in your second brain system. Would you like to discuss anything else?